Home / Guides / Replacement Cost, Market Value, and Actual Cash Value

Replacement Cost, Market Value, and Actual Cash Value

Property policies may value a loss using replacement cost, depreciated value, market value, agreed value, or another formula.

Property insuranceInternational scopeUpdated August 2026

Property policies may value a loss using replacement cost, depreciated value, market value, agreed value, or another formula.

Core principleIdentify the valuation basis for the building, contents, vehicles, valuables, and partial losses.

What to compare

A useful comparison records the contract details, not merely marketing labels. Start with the following fields and use the same assumptions for each option.

  • Valuation method
  • Depreciation
  • Sum insured
  • Rebuilding costs
  • Settlement conditions
  • Proof of ownership
FieldWhat to recordWhy it matters
Valuation MethodRecord the exact wording, amount, condition, or document reference for every policy.Do not assume another quote uses the same definition or default.
DepreciationRecord the exact wording, amount, condition, or document reference for every policy.Do not assume another quote uses the same definition or default.
Sum InsuredRecord the exact wording, amount, condition, or document reference for every policy.Do not assume another quote uses the same definition or default.
Rebuilding CostsRecord the exact wording, amount, condition, or document reference for every policy.Do not assume another quote uses the same definition or default.
Settlement ConditionsRecord the exact wording, amount, condition, or document reference for every policy.Do not assume another quote uses the same definition or default.
Proof Of OwnershipRecord the exact wording, amount, condition, or document reference for every policy.Do not assume another quote uses the same definition or default.

A practical comparison sequence

  1. Define the risk and the outcome you need the policy to address.
  2. Use identical applicant facts, dates, limits, deductibles, and options for every quote.
  3. Save the quote, application answers, product summary, full wording, schedule, and endorsements.
  4. Test at least two realistic claim scenarios against definitions, exclusions, limits, and duties.
  5. Verify the legal insurer and intermediary on the official local register.
  6. Record unanswered questions and obtain written clarification before accepting cover.

International differences

Valuation language and rebuilding requirements differ by country and policy form.

That means a guide written for one country should not be copied into another without checking compulsory insurance, public benefits, permitted underwriting factors, disclosure duties, taxes, cancellation rules, complaint bodies, and policyholder-protection arrangements.

Common mistakes

  • Assuming purchase price equals insured value.
  • Missing depreciation.
  • Not updating values.

Another common mistake is treating the product name as a complete description. Terms such as comprehensive, standard, premium, family, worldwide, replacement, or full cover can be marketing labels rather than standardized legal definitions.

Questions to ask before buying

  • Where is valuation method stated in the contract, schedule, or product summary?
  • Where is depreciation stated in the contract, schedule, or product summary?
  • Where is sum insured stated in the contract, schedule, or product summary?
  • Where is rebuilding costs stated in the contract, schedule, or product summary?
  • Where is settlement conditions stated in the contract, schedule, or product summary?
  • Which legal entity underwrites the policy, and where can its licence be checked?
  • What must happen before cover begins, and can any term change after underwriting?
  • What is the complaint and dispute path for the issuing jurisdiction?
ImportantThis page is general education. It does not recommend a policy or interpret a specific contract. The issued wording and local law control. Use a licensed local professional or regulator when advice or interpretation is needed.